텔레그램 로봇, 공식 API로 만들기 (파이썬, 구글 앱 엔진)

$ python -V

$ cd ~
$ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/appengine-sdks/featured/google_appengine_1.9.25.zip > google_appengine_1.9.25.zip
$ unzip google_appengine_1.9.25.zip

$ ~/google_appengine/appcfg.py help help
Usage: appcfg.py help <action>

Print help for a specific action.


Options:
  -h, --help            Show the help message and exit.
  -q, --quiet           Print errors only.
  -v, --verbose         Print info level logs.
  --noisy               Print all logs.
  -s SERVER, --server=SERVER
                        The App Engine server.
  -e EMAIL, --email=EMAIL
                        The username to use. Will prompt if omitted.
  -H HOST, --host=HOST  Overrides the Host header sent with all RPCs.
  --no_cookies          Do not save authentication cookies to local disk.
  --skip_sdk_update_check
                        Do not check for SDK updates.
  -A APP_ID, --application=APP_ID
                        Set the application, overriding the application value
                        from app.yaml file.
  -M MODULE, --module=MODULE
                        Set the module, overriding the module value from
                        app.yaml.
  -V VERSION, --version=VERSION
                        Set the (major) version, overriding the version value
                        from app.yaml file.
  -r RUNTIME, --runtime=RUNTIME
                        Override runtime from app.yaml file.
  -E NAME:VALUE, --env_variable=NAME:VALUE
                        Set an environment variable, potentially overriding an
                        env_variable value from app.yaml file (flag may be
                        repeated to set multiple variables).
  -R, --allow_any_runtime
                        Do not validate the runtime in app.yaml
  --oauth2              Ignored (OAuth2 is the default).
  --oauth2_refresh_token=OAUTH2_REFRESH_TOKEN
                        An existing OAuth2 refresh token to use. Will not
                        attempt interactive OAuth approval.
  --oauth2_access_token=OAUTH2_ACCESS_TOKEN
                        An existing OAuth2 access token to use. Will not
                        attempt interactive OAuth approval.
  --authenticate_service_account
                        Authenticate using the default service account for the
                        Google Compute Engine VM in which appcfg is being
                        called
  --noauth_local_webserver
                        Do not run a local web server to handle redirects
                        during OAuth authorization.

$ mkdir ~/my-testing-bot
$ cd ~/my-testing-bot

application: my-testing-bot
version: 1
runtime: python27
api_version: 1
threadsafe: yes

handlers:
- url: /set-webhook
  login: admin
  script: main.app
- url: .*
  script: main.app

libraries:
- name: webapp2
  version: 2.5.2

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# original:    https://github.com/yukuku/telebot
# modified by: Bak Yeon O @ https://bakyeono.net
# description: https://bakyeono.net/post/2015-08-24-using-telegram-bot-api.html
# github:      https://github.com/bakyeono/using-telegram-bot-api
#

# 구글 앱 엔진 라이브러리 로드
from google.appengine.api import urlfetch
from google.appengine.ext import ndb
import webapp2

# URL, JSON, 로그, 정규표현식 관련 라이브러리 로드
import urllib
import urllib2
import json
import logging
import re

# 봇 토큰, 봇 API 주소
TOKEN = '137007641:AAFVXObeODnKcyDrbcBfEAHzYFGhcFeVlVk'
BASE_URL = 'https://api.telegram.org/bot' + TOKEN + '/'

# 봇이 응답할 명령어
CMD_START     = '/start'
CMD_STOP      = '/stop'
CMD_HELP      = '/help'
CMD_BROADCAST = '/broadcast'

# 봇 사용법 & 메시지
USAGE = u"""[사용법] 아래 명령어를 메시지로 보내거나 버튼을 누르시면 됩니다.
/start - (봇 활성화)
/stop  - (봇 비활성화)
/help  - (이 도움말 보여주기)
"""
MSG_START = u'봇을 시작합니다.'
MSG_STOP  = u'봇을 정지합니다.'

# 커스텀 키보드
CUSTOM_KEYBOARD = [
        [CMD_START],
        [CMD_STOP],
        [CMD_HELP],
        ]

# 채팅별 봇 활성화 상태
# 구글 앱 엔진의 Datastore(NDB)에 상태를 저장하고 읽음
# 사용자가 /start 누르면 활성화
# 사용자가 /stop  누르면 비활성화
class EnableStatus(ndb.Model):
    enabled = ndb.BooleanProperty(required=True, indexed=True, default=False,)

def set_enabled(chat_id, enabled):
    u"""set_enabled: 봇 활성화/비활성화 상태 변경
    chat_id:    (integer) 봇을 활성화/비활성화할 채팅 ID
    enabled:    (boolean) 지정할 활성화/비활성화 상태
    """
    es = EnableStatus.get_or_insert(str(chat_id))
    es.enabled = enabled
    es.put()

def get_enabled(chat_id):
    u"""get_enabled: 봇 활성화/비활성화 상태 반환
    return: (boolean)
    """
    es = EnableStatus.get_by_id(str(chat_id))
    if es:
        return es.enabled
    return False

def get_enabled_chats():
    u"""get_enabled: 봇이 활성화된 채팅 리스트 반환
    return: (list of EnableStatus)
    """
    query = EnableStatus.query(EnableStatus.enabled == True)
    return query.fetch()

# 메시지 발송 관련 함수들
def send_msg(chat_id, text, reply_to=None, no_preview=True, keyboard=None):
    u"""send_msg: 메시지 발송
    chat_id:    (integer) 메시지를 보낼 채팅 ID
    text:       (string)  메시지 내용
    reply_to:   (integer) ~메시지에 대한 답장
    no_preview: (boolean) URL 자동 링크(미리보기) 끄기
    keyboard:   (list)    커스텀 키보드 지정
    """
    params = {
        'chat_id': str(chat_id),
        'text': text.encode('utf-8'),
        }
    if reply_to:
        params['reply_to_message_id'] = reply_to
    if no_preview:
        params['disable_web_page_preview'] = no_preview
    if keyboard:
        reply_markup = json.dumps({
            'keyboard': keyboard,
            'resize_keyboard': True,
            'one_time_keyboard': False,
            'selective': (reply_to != None),
            })
        params['reply_markup'] = reply_markup
    try:
        urllib2.urlopen(BASE_URL + 'sendMessage', urllib.urlencode(params)).read()
    except Exception as e: 
        logging.exception(e)

def broadcast(text):
    u"""broadcast: 봇이 켜져 있는 모든 채팅에 메시지 발송
    text:       (string)  메시지 내용
    """
    for chat in get_enabled_chats():
        send_msg(chat.key.string_id(), text)

# 봇 명령 처리 함수들
def cmd_start(chat_id):
    u"""cmd_start: 봇을 활성화하고, 활성화 메시지 발송
    chat_id: (integer) 채팅 ID
    """
    set_enabled(chat_id, True)
    send_msg(chat_id, MSG_START, keyboard=CUSTOM_KEYBOARD)

def cmd_stop(chat_id):
    u"""cmd_stop: 봇을 비활성화하고, 비활성화 메시지 발송
    chat_id: (integer) 채팅 ID
    """
    set_enabled(chat_id, False)
    send_msg(chat_id, MSG_STOP)

def cmd_help(chat_id):
    u"""cmd_help: 봇 사용법 메시지 발송
    chat_id: (integer) 채팅 ID
    """
    send_msg(chat_id, USAGE, keyboard=CUSTOM_KEYBOARD)

def cmd_broadcast(chat_id, text):
    u"""cmd_broadcast: 봇이 활성화된 모든 채팅에 메시지 방송
    chat_id: (integer) 채팅 ID
    text:    (string)  방송할 메시지
    """
    send_msg(chat_id, u'메시지를 방송합니다.', keyboard=CUSTOM_KEYBOARD)
    broadcast(text)

def cmd_echo(chat_id, text, reply_to):
    u"""cmd_echo: 사용자의 메시지를 따라서 답장
    chat_id:  (integer) 채팅 ID
    text:     (string)  사용자가 보낸 메시지 내용
    reply_to: (integer) 답장할 메시지 ID
    """
    send_msg(chat_id, text, reply_to=reply_to)

def process_cmds(msg):
    u"""사용자 메시지를 분석해 봇 명령을 처리
    chat_id: (integer) 채팅 ID
    text:    (string)  사용자가 보낸 메시지 내용
    """
    msg_id = msg['message_id']
    chat_id = msg['chat']['id']
    text = msg.get('text')
    if (not text):
        return
    if CMD_START == text:
        cmd_start(chat_id)
        return
    if (not get_enabled(chat_id)):
        return
    if CMD_STOP == text:
        cmd_stop(chat_id)
        return
    if CMD_HELP == text:
        cmd_help(chat_id)
        return
    cmd_broadcast_match = re.match('^' + CMD_BROADCAST + ' (.*)', text)
    if cmd_broadcast_match:
        cmd_broadcast(chat_id, cmd_broadcast_match.group(1))
        return
    cmd_echo(chat_id, text, reply_to=msg_id)
    return

# 웹 요청에 대한 핸들러 정의
# /me 요청시
class MeHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        urlfetch.set_default_fetch_deadline(60)
        self.response.write(json.dumps(json.load(urllib2.urlopen(BASE_URL + 'getMe'))))

# /updates 요청시
class GetUpdatesHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        urlfetch.set_default_fetch_deadline(60)
        self.response.write(json.dumps(json.load(urllib2.urlopen(BASE_URL + 'getUpdates'))))

# /set-wehook 요청시
class SetWebhookHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        urlfetch.set_default_fetch_deadline(60)
        url = self.request.get('url')
        if url:
            self.response.write(json.dumps(json.load(urllib2.urlopen(BASE_URL + 'setWebhook', urllib.urlencode({'url': url})))))

# /webhook 요청시 (텔레그램 봇 API)
class WebhookHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        urlfetch.set_default_fetch_deadline(60)
        body = json.loads(self.request.body)
        self.response.write(json.dumps(body))
        process_cmds(body['message'])

# 구글 앱 엔진에 웹 요청 핸들러 지정
app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
    ('/me', MeHandler),
    ('/updates', GetUpdatesHandler),
    ('/set-webhook', SetWebhookHandler),
    ('/webhook', WebhookHandler),
], debug=True)

$ ~/google_appengine/appcfg.py update .

$ ~/google_appengine/appcfg.py --no_cookies update .

https://my-testing-bot.appspot.com/me

{
  "ok": true,
  "result": {
              "username": "my_testing_bot",
              "first_name": "\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc6a9 \ub85c\ubd07",
              "id": 137007641
            }
}

https://my-testing-bot.appspot.com/set-webhook?url=https://my-testing-bot.appspot.com/webhook

{
  "ok": true,
  "result": true,
  "description": "Webhook was set"
}

TOKEN = '137007641:AAFVXObeODnKcyDrbcBfEAHzYFGhcFeVlVk'
BASE_URL = 'https://api.telegram.org/bot' + TOKEN + '/'

def send_msg(chat_id, text, reply_to=None, no_preview=True, keyboard=None):
    u"""send_msg: 메시지 발송
    chat_id:    (integer) 메시지를 보낼 채팅 ID
    text:       (string)  메시지 내용
    reply_to:   (integer) ~메시지에 대한 답장
    no_preview: (boolean) URL 자동 링크(미리보기) 끄기
    keyboard:   (list)    커스텀 키보드 지정
    """
    params = {
        'chat_id': str(chat_id),
        'text': text.encode('utf-8'),
        }
    if reply_to:
        params['reply_to_message_id'] = reply_to
    if no_preview:
        params['disable_web_page_preview'] = no_preview
    if keyboard:
        reply_markup = json.dumps({
            'keyboard': keyboard,
            'resize_keyboard': True,
            'one_time_keyboard': False,
            'selective': (reply_to != None),
            })
        params['reply_markup'] = reply_markup
    try:
        urllib2.urlopen(BASE_URL + 'sendMessage', urllib.urlencode(params)).read()
    except Exception as e:
        logging.exception(e)

CUSTOM_KEYBOARD = [
        [CMD_START],
        [CMD_STOP],
        [CMD_HELP],
        ]

def broadcast(text):
    u"""broadcast: 봇이 켜져 있는 모든 채팅에 메시지 발송
    text:       (string)  메시지 내용
    """
    for chat in get_enabled_chats():
        send_msg(chat.key.string_id(), text)

def get_enabled_chats():
    u"""get_enabled: 봇이 활성화된 채팅 리스트 반환
    return: (list of EnableStatus)
    """
    query = EnableStatus.query(EnableStatus.enabled == True)
    return query.fetch()

class WebhookHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        urlfetch.set_default_fetch_deadline(60)
        body = json.loads(self.request.body)
        self.response.write(json.dumps(body))
        process_cmds(body['message'])

def process_cmds(msg):
    u"""사용자 메시지를 분석해 봇 명령을 처리
    chat_id: (integer) 채팅 ID
    text:    (string)  사용자가 보낸 메시지 내용
    """
    msg_id = msg['message_id']
    chat_id = msg['chat']['id']
    text = msg.get('text')
    if (not text):
        return
    if CMD_START == text:
        cmd_start(chat_id)
        return
    if (not get_enabled(chat_id)):
        return
    if CMD_STOP == text:
        cmd_stop(chat_id)
        return
    if CMD_HELP == text:
        cmd_help(chat_id)
        return
    cmd_broadcast_match = re.match('^' + CMD_BROADCAST + ' (.*)', text)
    if cmd_broadcast_match:
        cmd_broadcast(chat_id, cmd_broadcast_match.group(1))
        return
    cmd_echo(chat_id, text, reply_to=msg_id)
    return

app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
    ('/me', MeHandler),
    ('/updates', GetUpdatesHandler),
    ('/set-webhook', SetWebhookHandler),
    ('/webhook', WebhookHandler),
], debug=True)

handlers:
- url: /favicon\.ico
  static_files: favicon.ico
  upload: favicon\.ico

cron:
- description: broadcast wspaper.org news
  url: /broadcast-news
  schedule: every 30 mins from 09:00 to 20:00
  timezone: Asia/Seoul